Port Async
How to Resolve No Sound After CPU Overclocking Problem
Sometimes in order to get a more enjoyable experience of listening to a favorite music or watching an exciting movie whilst running some other large programs smoothly, many people are likely to overclock the CPU. However, to their disappointment, things come out differently. They find that after CPU overclocking their music and movies have no sound out at all, but reduce the GHz rating of the CPU to the original level, everything turns back to normal. Then they wonder is there any way to keep their sound card working while CUP overclocking in this case. Here are some instructions.
For one thing the CPU overclockers need to know that the speed in MHz of the CPU is the result of the FSB (Front Side Bus) in MHz and the multiplier. Thereby we can overclock the CPU through the FSB or the multiplier, but the multiplier is only reserved for the top of the range CPUs which is usually costly for ordinary PC users. Therefore, the FSB is the most common way to overclock the CPU. Nevertheless once the FSB is altered, the speeds of other components that communicate with the CPU are changed. Overclocking the CPU through the FSB possibly may make other parts of the computer system unable to keep up. Components like PCI or AGP devices may after are slowed down to come up with an overclocked CPU, or even be corrupted, which would probably give rise to no sound problem.
If you must overclock the CPU, don't increase the GHz rating too high. You can enter the BIOS and find out a similar term like "Auto Detect PCI Clk" if possible, and set it as Enabled, after that set the parameter behind "Async AGP/PCI CLK" to 66/33MHz. In doing so, no matter how the CPU external frequency is changed, the AGP/PCI bus frequency is locked at 66/33MHz, thus the sound card is able to work in regular again. In case the PCI frequency can not remain unchanged, you can shut down your on-board built-in sound card and use an external sound card with a USB port on it instead.
Finally, I want to remind that though CPU overclocking can enhance the performance of your PC; it also may bring about a number of problems. Especially when the CPU is working in a non-standard frequency, many PCI devices like network card, built-in ac97 audio card would also be overclocked, which is prone to problems easily. Therefore if overclock the CPU, you should try to avoid the system working under a non-standard external frequency. By the bye, now in the market there are many motherboards comprising the ability to divide the PCI frequency, which can evade the impact from CPU frequency on the PCI devices working, keep your eye open when you are purchasing such products.
Why not click here to see what driver problems or outdated drivers your computer has, and how to fix them quickly and automatically with Driver Checker?
About the Author
The author, Molly Smith, is an expert of device driver problems repair and PC optimization. Do visit http://www.driverchecker.com/ for more free and useful information.
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Dial-up Devices
The final class of network devices is the dial-up device. Most typically, this is a conventional telephone modem used in conjunction with the Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) to establish a connection to the Internet via an ISP. Such connections are established via command-line or GUI tools, as described in Chapter 2. In addition to these tools, though, the Linux kernel requires support for the dial-up connection.
To activate this support, you must select the PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol) Support option in the Network Device Support menu. When you select this option, several suboptions will become available, such as PPP Support for Async Serial Ports and PPP Deflate Compression. These options aren't usually strictly necessary, but sometimes they can improve a connection, such as by automatically compressing highly compressible data like text for higher net throughput. The experimental PPP over Ethernet option is required if you intend to use the kernel's PPPoE features for some DSL connections, but this option is not required with some add-on PPPoE packages, like Roaring Penguin.
PPP is sometimes used on connections that don't involve modems. For instance, you can use it to network two computers via their serial ports. Such configurations are seldom worthwhile with desktop systems, because Ethernet cards are inexpensive and provide much faster connections. You might want to use this type of link when connecting a desktop system to a palmtop computer, though, or for a temporary connection if you don't want to bother installing network cards.
PPP isn't the only type of dial-up connection that Linux supports. The kernel includes support for the older Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), which serves much the same function as PPP. SLIP has been largely abandoned by ISPs, so it's unlikely you'll need to use it over a modem. A few Linux tools use it locally, though; for instance, some types of dial-on-demand utilities (which dial a PPP connection whenever network activity is detected) use SLIP to detect outgoing connection attempts.
Another protocol that's akin to PPP and SLIP is the Parallel Line Internet Protocol (PLIP). As you might guess by the name, this protocol lets you connect two Linux computers via their parallel (printer) ports. Because these ports are much faster than are RS-232 serial ports, PLIP offers a speed advantage over PPP or SLIP for two-computer local networks. Ethernet is still faster, though. To use PLIP, you must select the PLIP (Parallel Port) Support option in the Network Device Support menu. To do this, you must first activate the Parallel Port Support option in the menu of the same name, including the PC-Style Hardware option (if you're using an x86 computer). If you need to use PLIP networking, you should consult the PLIP Mini-HOWTO (http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/PLIP.html) for further details, including wiring for the necessary cable, if you can't find a Turbo Laplink cable.
About the Author
.: Advanced Linux Networking :.
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